1
00:00:00,100 --> 00:00:10,630
I’d like to show you how the vocal tract changes in a song, 

2
00:00:10,630 --> 00:00:18,930
for example, in this excerpt of the aria from "Madame Butterfly" . 

3
00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:35,760
Seeing the vocal tract is very easy with an endoscope

4
00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:43,220
but sometimes the changes are very fine

5
00:00:43,220 --> 00:00:44,220
and it's difficult to appreciate them.

6
00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:54,260
I am going to close my cavity with my tongue

7
00:00:54,260 --> 00:00:58,810
placed back or “engolado” as the singers say, 

8
00:00:58,820 --> 00:01:00,250
back against the palate

9
00:01:00,250 --> 00:01:08,860
and you will see the difference in the sound

10
00:01:08,860 --> 00:01:11,870
We can note hardness. 

11
00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:31,700
The voice is strong, 

12
00:01:31,700 --> 00:01:42,000
the diaphragm air pressure can’t get out 

13
00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:44,780
because the tongue prevents it. 

14
00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:50,900
In the good version,

15
00:02:12,350 --> 00:02:24,380
the air is released from the diaphragm, 

16
00:02:24,380 --> 00:02:26,000
the sound is not hard

17
00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:29,160
because it doesn’t find an obstructed tract, as the tongue is not pressed against the back.

18
00:02:29,160 --> 00:02:31,350
What I do is to search for a cavity

19
00:02:31,350 --> 00:02:33,870
to permit the sound to resonate

20
00:02:33,870 --> 00:02:49,150
It is the "l'impostazione"

21
00:02:51,950 --> 00:02:53,620
We must always look for space. 

22
00:02:53,620 --> 00:02:59,480
For me, the are three essential factors for the voice: 

23
00:02:59,490 --> 00:03:04,420
resonators, air and opening

24
00:03:04,420 --> 00:03:07,660
But the opening is very important for any phrase

25
00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:08,670
for any sound

26
00:03:17,960 --> 00:03:28,900
We are talking about millimetric movements. 

27
00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:33,920
When a singer says:

28
00:03:33,930 --> 00:03:39,480
"I'm going down the throat to give an high note"

29
00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:44,580
this movement is only 2 or 3 cm

30
00:03:50,530 --> 00:03:52,120
But if I doesn't move the larynx

31
00:03:52,130 --> 00:03:54,360
the sound does not go out. 

32
00:03:56,850 --> 00:03:59,460
For me impostazione is the most important thing

33
00:03:59,470 --> 00:04:06,000
and it depends of the space from vocal tract

34
00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:15,280
above all in a lyric voice that must use the voice without microphone

35
00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:19,420
and most of the time, an opera singer is alone 

36
00:04:19,430 --> 00:04:24,700
in front of 60 instruments and you must go over them

37
00:04:24,710 --> 00:04:26,180
And if you haven't a good opening

38
00:04:26,180 --> 00:04:27,890
if cavity isn't like the lion

39
00:04:27,890 --> 00:04:29,160
the sound cannot pass

40
00:04:29,170 --> 00:04:33,030
Before you leave, I invite all of you

41
00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:35,710
to put your head inside the chamber

42
00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:37,620
and you can say something,

43
00:04:37,620 --> 00:04:38,680
your name for example,

44
00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:40,480
to feel the amplification

45
00:04:40,480 --> 00:04:48,120
It's amazing what we have found there, fantastic.

46
00:04:48,120 --> 00:04:51,690
So, to finish who wants to put their head into the resonance chamber.

47
00:04:51,690 --> 00:04:54,400
You have to discover  that the vibration of your voice

48
00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:56,630
engages the vibration of the resonance chamber.

49
00:04:56,630 --> 00:04:59,300
One person can say a vowel and almost no sound is produced. 

50
00:04:59,300 --> 00:05:00,400
And, however, another person says

51
00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:01,960
"Well, it's spectacular."

52
00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:07,190
The camera has a vibration, due to its shape

53
00:05:07,190 --> 00:05:08,820
the materials which it is made of...  

54
00:05:08,830 --> 00:05:09,830
As soon as you find it, the sound you produce is powerful. Use this opportunity to put your head into the chamber and hear how your voice is enhanced. Or with what you have seen here, build something similar and find that coupling.